human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells  (ATCC)

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Ferrostatin-1-loaded black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQD@Fer-1) nanodelivery system attenuates T cell-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103292

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the construction of BPQD@Fer-1 nanoparticles and their application in alleviating TCMR in kidney transplantation. Top panel: Synthesis of black phosphorus quantum dots loaded with Ferrostatin-1 (BPQD@Fer-1) via liquid-phase exfoliation of bulk BP in NMP. The nanoparticles exhibit intrinsic ROS-scavenging capabilities by neutralizing free radicals (e.g., ⋅O 2 −and ⋅OH) through electron (e − ) transfer. Middle panel: In vivo application in a murine kidney transplantation model. Donor kidneys are subjected to cold ischemia and subsequently transplanted. Intravenously administered BPQD@Fer-1 selectively accumulate in the tubular epithelial cells of the kidney allograft. Bottom panel: Intracellular mechanisms and immune microenvironment remodeling. (Left, TCMR group): Severe oxidative stress upregulates intracellular ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO), triggering ferroptosis in tubular epithelial cells. This leads to the massive release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), calreticulin (CRT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which subsequently recruit and activate CD8 + T cells, resulting in the upregulation of cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory cytokines (GzmB, IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). (Right, BPQD@Fer-1 group): The nanoparticles efficiently scavenge ROS, suppress LPO, and block the ferroptotic cascade. The consequent inhibition of DAMPs release restricts CD8 + T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and downregulates the inflammatory cytokine storm, ultimately preserving the kidney allograft.

Article Snippet: Human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) and rat renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK52E) were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Transplantation Assay, In Vivo, Blocking Assay, Inhibition, Preserving

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Ferrostatin-1-loaded black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQD@Fer-1) nanodelivery system attenuates T cell-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.103292

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single-cell landscape reveals ferroptosis-associated epithelial states and enhanced T-cell activation in TCMR. (A) UMAP visualization of all single cells colored by sample origin (left panel) and cell cluster (right panel). (B) Dot plot showing the expression of canonical marker genes used for cell type annotation across major renal epithelial, immune, and stromal populations. Dot size represents the percentage of cells expressing each gene, and color intensity indicates scaled average expression. (C) UMAP plot annotated by cell type. (D) UMAP plots split by experimental condition (CTRL and TCMR), illustrating comparable global cellular architecture across conditions. (E) Boxplot showing ferroptosis module scores in epithelial cells from CTRL and TCMR groups. Each dot represents a single cell. (F) Ferroptosis scores across epithelial subtypes, including proximal tubule, thick ascending limb, collecting duct principal and intercalated cells, thin limb, and PEC subsets, stratified by condition (CTRL vs TCMR). (G) Heatmap showing average expression of ferroptosis-related genes across epithelial cell types and conditions. Expression values are scaled by gene to highlight relative differences. (H) Boxplot of DAMPs module scores in epithelial cells stratified by ferroptosis state (Ferro_High vs Ferro_Low). (I) Dot plot visualizing the expression profiles of DAMPs-associated genes in epithelial cells, stratified by their ferroptosis states. Dot diameter corresponds to the proportion of cells expressing the target gene, while the color gradient indicates the average expression intensity. (J) Boxplots delineating the variations in T-cell activation scores among the three defined ferroptosis subgroups (Ferro_High, Ferro_Med, and Ferro_Low). (K) Dot plot displaying the expression dynamics of T-cell-related markers across different ferroptosis cohorts. The cellular fraction expressing each gene is represented by dot size, with the mean expression level denoted by color scaling. (L) Boxplot showing cytotoxicity scores in T cells across ferroptosis groups.

Article Snippet: Human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) and rat renal tubular epithelial cell line (NRK52E) were purchased from Procell Life Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Single Cell, Activation Assay, Expressing, Marker